Mengapa Zip Dapat Mengkompres File Tunggal Lebih Baik daripada Banyak File dengan Konten yang Sama?

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Mengapa Zip Dapat Mengkompres File Tunggal Lebih Baik daripada Banyak File dengan Konten yang Sama?
Mengapa Zip Dapat Mengkompres File Tunggal Lebih Baik daripada Banyak File dengan Konten yang Sama?

Video: Mengapa Zip Dapat Mengkompres File Tunggal Lebih Baik daripada Banyak File dengan Konten yang Sama?

Video: Mengapa Zip Dapat Mengkompres File Tunggal Lebih Baik daripada Banyak File dengan Konten yang Sama?
Video: How To Delete Downloaded Music On Your Apple Watch Series 7 - YouTube 2024, April
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Mampu memadatkan file kami sehingga lebih mudah untuk berbagi dan / atau memindahkannya dapat mempermudah kehidupan elektronik kami, tetapi terkadang kami mungkin melihat hasil pengukuran yang aneh atau tidak terduga setelah kami memadatkannya. Mengapa demikian? Posting SuperUser Q & A saat ini memiliki jawaban atas pertanyaan pembaca yang bingung.
Mampu memadatkan file kami sehingga lebih mudah untuk berbagi dan / atau memindahkannya dapat mempermudah kehidupan elektronik kami, tetapi terkadang kami mungkin melihat hasil pengukuran yang aneh atau tidak terduga setelah kami memadatkannya. Mengapa demikian? Posting SuperUser Q & A saat ini memiliki jawaban atas pertanyaan pembaca yang bingung.

Sesi Tanya & Jawab Hari ini hadir untuk memberi kami SuperUser - subdivisi Stack Exchange, pengelompokan situs web Q & A berbasis komunitas.

Foto milik Jean-Etienne Minh-Duy Poirrier (Flickr).

Pertanyaan

Pembaca SuperUser, sixtyfootersdude, ingin mengetahui mengapa zip dapat mengompres file tunggal lebih baik daripada beberapa file dengan jenis konten yang sama:

Suppose that I have 10,000 XML files and want to send them to a friend. Before sending them, I would like to compress them.

Method 1: Do Not Compress Them

Results:

Image
Image

Method 2: Zip Every File Separately and Send Him 10,000 Zipped XML Files

Command:

Results:
Results:
Image
Image

Method 3: Create a Single Zip File Containing All 10,000 XML Files

Command:

Results:
Results:
Image
Image

Method 4: Concatenate the Files Into a Single File and Zip It

Command:

Results:
Results:
Image
Image

Questions

  • Why do I get such dramatically better results when I am just zipping a single file?
  • I was expecting to get drastically better results using method 3 rather than method 2, but I do not. Why is this?
  • Is this behaviour specific to zip? If I tried using Gzip, would I get different results?

Additional Info

Image
Image

Meta Data

One of the answers given suggests that the difference is the system meta data that is stored in the zip file. I do not believe that this can be the case. To test it, I did the following:

The resulting zip file is 1.4 MB. This means that there is still approximately ten MB of unexplained space.
The resulting zip file is 1.4 MB. This means that there is still approximately ten MB of unexplained space.

Mengapa zip dapat memampatkan file tunggal lebih baik daripada beberapa file dengan jenis konten yang sama?

Jawabannya

Kontributor SuperUser Alan Shutko dan Aganju punya jawabannya untuk kami. Pertama, Alan Shutko:

Zip compression is based on repetitive patterns in the data to be compressed, and the compression gets better the longer the file is, as more and longer patterns can be found and used.

Simplified, if you compress one file, the dictionary that maps (short) codes to (longer) patterns is necessarily contained in each resulting zip file; if you zip one long file, the dictionary is ‘reused’ and grows even more effective across all content.

If your files are even a bit similar (as text always is), reuse of the ‘dictionary’ becomes very efficient and the result is a much smaller total zip file.

Dilanjutkan dengan jawaban dari Aganju:

In zip, each file is compressed separately. The opposite is solid compression, that is, files are compressed together. 7-zip and Rar use solid compression by default. Gzip and Bzip2 cannot compress multiple files, so Tar is used first, having the same effect as solid compression.

As xml files have similar structure (and probably similar content), if the files are compressed together then the compression will be higher.

For example, if a file contains the string “” and the compressor has already found that string in another file, it will replace it with a small pointer to the previous match. If the compressor does not use solid compression, the first occurrence of the string in the file will be recorded as a literal, which is larger.

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